1. Ionian (Major scale)
Scale: 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 1
Chords: 1maj7 – 2m7 – 3m7 – 4maj7 – 5dom7 – 6m7 – 7m7♭5


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2. Dorian
Scale: 1 – 2 – ♭3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – ♭7 – 1
Chords: 1m7 – 2m7 – ♭3maj7 – 4dom7 – 5m7 – 6m7♭5 – ♭7maj7


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3. Phrygian
Scale: 1 – ♭2 – ♭3 – 4 – 5 – ♭6 – ♭7 – 1
Chords: 1m7 – ♭2maj7 – ♭3dom7 – 4m7 – 5m7♭5 – ♭6maj7 – ♭7m7


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4. Lydian
Scale: 1 – 2 – 3 – #4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 1
Chords: 1maj7 – 2maj7 – 3m7 – #4m7♭5 – 5maj7 – 6m7 – 7m7


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5. Mixolydian
Scale: 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – ♭7 – 1
Chords: 1dom7 – 2m7 – 3m7♭5 – 4maj7 – 5m7 – 6m7 – ♭7maj7


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6. Aeolian (Natural Minor)
Scale: 1 – 2 – ♭3 – 4 – 5 – ♭6 – ♭7 – 1
Chords: 1m7 – 2m7♭5 – ♭3maj7 – 4m7 – 5m7 – ♭6maj7 – ♭7dom7


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7. Locrian
Scale: 1 – ♭2 – ♭3 – 4 – ♭5 – ♭6 – ♭7 – 1
Chords: 1m7♭5 – ♭2maj7 – ♭3m7 – 4m7 – ♭5maj7 – ♭6dom7 – ♭7m7


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✨ Big takeaway:

Major (Ionian) and Lydian differ only on the 4 (#4 in Lydian).

Mixolydian is like Major but with a ♭7.

Dorian and Aeolian are both minor, but Aeolian has ♭6 while Dorian has natural 6.

Locrian is the darkest: starts on m7♭5.